L
lebiediew
Guest
Czytam właśnie bardzo ciekawą książkę "Anarchism/minarchism" i w artykule "Rationality, history, and inductive Politics" Adam Reed (taki randysta) mówi o dwóch najważniejszych przykładach "market capitalism" w historii Zachodu - wymienia średniowieczną Islandię i ... Polskę 1573-1795 (celem jest krytyka akapu i uznanie, że tylko minarchizm ma sens).
Tutaj link
http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/areed2/LongXXXMachan.pdf
interesujące fragmenty na s. 27-33
Kilka fragmentów:
Jako że historia to jedna z moich achillesowych pięt (rozsianych po całym ciele) zwracam się do lepiej w tym temacie obeznanych - Polska w XVII wieku jako akap - seems legit?
Tutaj link
http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/areed2/LongXXXMachan.pdf
interesujące fragmenty na s. 27-33
Kilka fragmentów:
As internal government evaporated, most of the wealthiest members of the szlachta obtained appointments as state officials (wojewoda, kasztelan) whose responsibilities
included supervision of regional militias. These appointments authorised the office holder to maintain his own armed forces, funded and commanded by their owner, although nominally supplementing the dwindling armed forces of the state as supernumerary auxiliaries. The actual primary function of these private armies was to protect their employers’ properties, since official instrumentalities of internal law enforcement were disappearing. The owners of private armies were called magnaci (singular magnat, thence magnate in english). eventually, some magnates made arrangements to extend the protection of their private armies to other persons, clients from among commoners and less wealthy szlachta. This arrangement was codified as a legal contract in the case of commoners, and was practiced as an informal understanding between the magnate and his client if the client was a szlachcic. The client paid the magnate who protected him with services, with votes in the Seym, or in crops or commodities, or in cash. With the state administration progressively withering away, the magnates retained judges, adjudicated disputes and levied punishments among their clients, operated private prisons and executed convicts; negotiated, magnate to magnate, disputes among their respective clients, and operated, in every way, very much like the “market defense Agencies” or “market Law enterprises” projected by rothbard 1970, Friedman 1989, or benson 1990
The magnate system also led to the discovery of a new modality of national defense: there was no established order of internal government that an invader might use to impose his control. in 1655 sweden, aided by brandenburg and Transylvania, invaded the Commonwealth. Poland’s vestigial official government quickly left. The invaders soon found themselves literally wandering around the country, with few of its inhabitants willing to do anything for the invaders except when literally forced to at the point of a swedish musket. Unable to either govern or collect taxes on their own, the swedes turned to the magnates, but only a few of the latter (Janusz and Bogusław Radziwiłł, Krzysztof Opaliński, Bogusław Leszczynski, Jan Schlichting, and hieronim radziejowski) were willing to be hired. Totally frustrated, at least in areas outside the reach of the half-dozen traitor magnates, unable to tax, harassed by “parties” of armed inhabitants (the first modern instance of “partisan warfare”), the swedes eventually left, leaving behind them a trail of destruction and arson comparable, in previous Polish history, only to the Tatar invasion of 1241 (Giertych 1986, i/323).
Jako że historia to jedna z moich achillesowych pięt (rozsianych po całym ciele) zwracam się do lepiej w tym temacie obeznanych - Polska w XVII wieku jako akap - seems legit?